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AMIA: Those Seeking Justice Find Disappointment (English & Español)

3/13/2015

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Versión Español:

PictureEduardo Kohn
El domingo 1 de Marzo, la Presidenta de Argentina Cristina Fernández, en su discurso de apertura de las sesiones legislativas 2015, cuestionó que Israel no se preocupa por el atentado terrorista que destruyó su Embajada en Buenos Aires en 1992 y reprochó la omisión del Poder Judicial al respecto.

El Presidente de la Corte Suprema de Argentina Dr. Ricardo Lorenzetti, en un discurso 24 horas después, respondió a la Presidenta informando que en 1999 hubo una sentencia por el atentado a la Embajada de Israel en la que “se encontró culpable a Hezbollah.” 

Lorenzetti agregó: “Nosotros no podemos como tribunal tratar lo que ya es cosa juzgada … La sentencia de 1999 fue muy anterior a la conformación de la corte actual. Esa sentencia determinó la materialidad y la imputabilidad del hecho. Esa sentencia está publicada y consentida por las partes”

El 3 de Marzo, el gobierno de Israel a través de su Embajada en Argentina, contestó a la Presidenta Cristina Fernández:

“Como queda referenciado en los acuerdos internacionales sobre la materia, la responsabilidad acerca del cuidado de toda delegación diplomática se encuentra en manos del país receptor de la misma. Es competencia y responsabilidad del Estado argentino investigar el atentado perpetrado contra la Embajada de Israel en Buenos Aires … El 17 de Marzo de 1992 el terrorismo impactó contra la Argentina … Ambos, el pueblo argentino e israelí comparten un mismo dolor, porque ambos fueron víctimas de un terrible flagelo … Señalamos nuestra preocupación por el bienestar de las comunidades judías, en especial a raíz de las innumerables manifestaciones antisemitas que suceden en el mundo.

“Por consiguiente, Israel seguirá expresando la importancia de continuar con la investigación acerca del atentado ocurrido contra la sede de la AMIA.” 

También el 3 de Marzo, el Primer Ministro de Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu, pronunció un discurso en el Congreso de Estados Unidos, ante el cual fustigó el acuerdo sobre un programa nuclear entre potencias occidentales e Irán.

Y dentro de su alocución, no olvidó los atentados terroristas en Argentina, haciendo una acusación contundente: “El régimen Iraní es una grave amenaza para el mundo … Irán voló un centro comunitario judío y nuestra embajada en Buenos Aires.”


El 17 de Marzo se cumplirán 23 años de la barbarie contra la Embajada de Israel que estaba en Arroyo y Suipacha, en el corazón de la capital argentina. Veintenueve muertos, algunos que no pudieron ser reconocidos, y más de 200 heridos fue el saldo de esta masacre. Dos años después, volaba la AMIA.

En estas dos últimas décadas, se han producido muchos atentados terroristas: en los Estados Unidos, Francia, Inglaterra, España, Medio Oriente, Africa. La lista es espeluznante.

Dentro de esa densa cantidad de abominables agresiones: ¿Cuáles son las que se destacan por no haberse podido apresar a los culpables o al menos algunos de ellos? ¿Cuáles se destacan por saberse quienes fueron los perpetradores, pero los perpetradores son hoy hombres con cargos públicos en una dictadura que tiene asiento en la ONU? ¿Cuáles son los atentados dónde “no se sabe” quien fue el apoyo local?

Solamente, y mal que pueda pesar, molestar, irritar, y provocar discursos desorbitados, los que tuvieron lugar en Argentina.

Este año llegamos a una nueva fecha de recordación del atentado del 17 de Marzo, con más elementos negativos, desmoralizadores, demostrativos que si buscamos justicia, miremos para otros lados.

El 27 de Enero de 2014, (Irónicamente, en Día Internacional de Recordación del Holocausto) el Ministro de RREE de Argentina Héctor Timerman y su par iraní acuerdan firmar un “Memorando de Entendimiento,” que se informó Irán ni siquiera lo leyó mientras Argentina lo votaba muy apurado. Fracasó antes de nacer y finalmente fue declarado inconstitucional, pero abrió severas heridas.

Casi un año después, conscientes (la sociedad Argentina, el mundo entero) de que ese “memorando” era una lápida sobre cualquier intento de encontrar alguna lucecita al final del camino, se produce, otro 18, esta vez de Enero y de 2015, la muerte del Fiscal Alberto Nisman, quien en un tema sin jurisprudencia ni doctrina donde respaldarse, se entregó a la faena con el denuedo que merecía uno de los atentados  más infames de la historia de nuestra América Latina.

En una esclarecedora columna en el diario Argentino La Nación, el Ex Presidente de Uruguay Dr. Julio Sanguinetti ha escrito hace pocos días: “Naturalmente, ahora queda el crimen y todo lo que nos ha traído: la revelación de unos servicios secretos oscuros, que penetran las entretelas del Gobierno; la duda horrorosa de que haya gente dispuesta a matar a un fiscal para que no pueda cumplir su función; la evidencia clara de personeros del Gobierno codo con codo con agentes de un gobierno iraní que sigue proclamando la desaparición del Estado judío; la sospecha de que en Montevideo algo ha ocurrido en ese oscuro conspirar internacional; el temor de que todo quede como está y que el expediente acumule miles de fojas que terminan aplastando la verdad ... una verdad que, cualquiera que sea, siempre quedará como un enigma.”

Ese es el contexto en que recordamos el atentado del 17 de Marzo de 1992, bárbaro antecedente del segundo atentado dos años después contra AMIA.

Contexto de impunidad, de aplastamiento de cualquier verdad, aún sea a costa de que haya más víctimas (como Nisman), de creer que se pueden hacer acuerdos con Estados que patrocinan, proclaman, financian y apoyan el terrorismo en todo el mundo.

Los resultados están a la vista. Y el futuro nos muestra una ventana, pequeña aún, de esperanza, de que los pueblos no tienen tolerancia infinita para sufrir vejaciones ilimitadas.

Adapted English Version:

On Sunday March 1, the president of Argentina, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, in her opening speech of the 2015 legislative session, questioned whether Israel was worried about the terrorist attack that destroyed its Buenos Aires embassy in 1992 and criticized the failure of the judiciary for its alleged lack of concern.

The president of the Supreme Court of Argentina, Ricardo Lorenzetti, in a speech 24 hours later, responded to President Fernández stating that there was a ruling in 1999 on the Israeli embassy attack that “found Hezbollah guilty.” Lorenzetti added: "We cannot as a court deal with a matter that is already judged … The 1999 ruling was long before the formation of the current court. That judgment determined the materiality and accountability of the facts. That ruling is published and consented to by the parties involved.”

On March 3, the Israeli government replied to President Fernández through its embassy in Argentina:

"As is referenced in international agreements on the subject, the responsibility for care of all diplomatic delegations is in the hands of the recipient's own country. It is the duty and responsibility of the Argentine State to investigate the attack on the Israeli embassy in Buenos Aires … The March 17, 1992, terror attack struck against Argentina … Both the Argentine and Israeli people share the same pain, because both were victims of a terrible scourge … We note our concern for the welfare of the Jewish communities, especially because of the many anti-Semitic manifestations happening in the world.

"Therefore, Israel will continue to express the importance of continuing the investigation on the attack occurred against AMIA.”

Also on March 3, Prime Minister of Israel Benjamin Netanyahu delivered a speech in the United States Congress, in which he criticized the agreement on a nuclear program between Western powers and Iran.

In his speech, Netanyahu did not forget the terrorist attacks in Argentina, making a forceful indictment: "Iran's regime poses a grave threat, not only to Israel, but also to the peace of the entire world … [Iran] blew up the Jewish community center and the Israeli embassy in Buenos Aires."

March 17 will mark the 23rd anniversary of the barbaric attack against the Israeli embassy, in the heart of Argentina's capital. Twenty-nine dead—some whose bodies were beyond recognition—and more than 200 wounded was the casualty count of the massacre. Two years later, they blew up AMIA.

Were any of the culprits apprehended in these attacks? No. Despite overwhelming evidence pointing to Iran, no one has been brought to justice.

Only in Argentina.

We have now arrived at another anniversary of the March 17 attack, this year with more negative, demoralizing elements, and the demonstration that if we seek justice, we should look elsewhere.

On Jan. 27, 2014, (which ironically was International Holocaust Remembrance Day), Argentina Minister of Foreign Affairs Héctor Timerman and his Iranian counterpart agreed to sign a "Memorandum of Understanding," which some have reported that the Iranian side did not even read, while Argentina rapidly ratified in Congress. The “memorandum” failed before it was born and was eventually declared unconstitutional, but it opened severe wounds.

More than a year later, the Argentine society and the whole world are well aware that this "memorandum" was a tombstone on any attempt to find some little light at the end of the road. And now, more than a year later, we now have another date to remember in this saga: Jan. 18, 2015. That day marks the death of Argentine Special Prosecutor Alberto Nisman who was investigating the AMIA case when he was killed. Despite lacking jurisprudence and governmental support for his work, Nisman devoted himself to this great endeavor with the single-mindedness that one of the most infamous terror attacks in the history of Latin America deserved.

In a illuminating recent column in the Argentine daily The Nation, former President of Uruguay Julio Sanguinetti wrote on the subject: “Of course, now we are left with the crime and everything it has brought: the revelation of dark secret services, which penetrate the cockles of government; the horrid doubt that there are people willing to kill a prosecutor so he cannot fulfill his job; clear evidence of government ombudsmen elbow to elbow with agents of an Iranian government that continues to proclaim the demise of the Jewish state; the suspicion that something has happened in Montevideo in that dark international conspiracy; the fear that everything is as it is and that the record accumulate miles of pages that end up crushing the truth ... a truth that, whatever it is, will always remain an enigma.”

That is the context in which we remember the attack on March 17, 1992, the barbaric antecedent to that AMIA attack two years later.

We remember it in the context of impunity, the crushing of any truth even at the cost of more victims (as with Nisman), to believe that you can make agreements with state sponsors who advertise, finance and support terrorism worldwide.

The results are obvious. And the future shows us a window, small still, of hope that the people don’t have an infinite tolerance to suffer endless indignities.


Eduardo Kohn, Ph.D has been the B’nai B’rith executive vice president in Uruguay since 1981 and the B’nai B’rith International director of Latin American affairs since 1984. Before joining B'nai B'rith, he worked for the Israeli embassy in Uruguay, the Israel-Uruguay Chamber of Commerce and Hebrew College in Montevideo. He is a published author of “Zionism, 100 years of Theodor Herzl,” and writes op-eds for publications throughout Latin America. He graduated from the State University of Uruguay with a doctorate in diplomacy and international affairs. To view some of his additional content,Click Here.
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